Database of Entries

Título	Descripción	Pictograma	Imagen
1050 – 800 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time, Amathus becomes a proper town and exchanges products and food with other nations. Example of use: The trade and exchange of products begins in the year 1050 before the birth of Christ.
11th century before the birth of Christ	First time people lived in Amathus. They were Eteocypriots who left from Paphos when the Greeks drove them out. They brought their language with them and their religion. Example of use: Amathus was first inhabited in the 11th century before the birth of Christ.
1st Century before the birth of Christ	During this period of time, a new temple is built in the area of the sanctuary. Example of use: A new temple was built in Amathus in the 1st century before the birth of Christ.
22 After the birth of Christ	The temple of Aphrodite in Amathus has permission to protect the people. It is one of the three most important temples in Cyprus. Example of use: Amathus was a Roman province 22 years after the birth of Christ.
312 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time Amathus is not a kingdom anymore and belongs to the Ptolemaic Empire. A new port was also built. Example of use: Amathus became part of the Ptolemaic Empire 323 years before the birth of Christ.
323 Before the birth of Christ	Ιn this year, Alexander the Great died. Amathus supported Ptolemy as a new leader. Example of use: Alexander the Great died 323 years before the birth of Christ.
332 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time The last king of Amathus Androcles supported Alexander the Great in the war against the Persians. Example: King Onesilos attacked Amathus 332 years before the birth of Christ
3rd - 2nd Century before the birth of Christ	During this period of time, people worship the Egyptian Gods Isis and Sarapis and goddess Aphrodite. Example of use: The goddess Aphrodite was associated with other deities in the 2nd century before the birth of Christ.
499 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time King Onesilos of Salamis attacked Amathus. The sanctuary and the palace were rebuilt. Example of use: King Onesilos attacked Amathus 499 years before the birth of Christ.
545-332 Before the birht of Christ	During this period of time Amathus is in the hands of the Persians, an old nation from the area that is now the country of Iran. When the other kingdoms of Cyprus fought against the Persians, Amathus remained loyal to the Persians. Example of use: The Persians came to Amathus between 545 and 332 years before the birth of Christ.
570-545 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time the Egyptians, a nation located across from Cyprus, came to Amathus to settle. Example of use: The Egyptians came to Amathus in the period 570 to 545 years before the birth of Christ.
58 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time, Amathus becomes a Roman province. Example of use: Amathus became part of the Roman Empire 58 years before the birth of Christ.
5th Century after the bieth of Christ	During this period, the temple of Aphrodite was rebuilt and used as a church. Example of use: The temple of Aphrodite became a church in the 5th century after the birth of Christ.
649-691 After the birth of Christ	During this period of time, the city of Amathus was destroyed by the Arabs and all the people left. Example of use: Amathus was destroyed 691 years after the birth of Christ.
70-100 After the birth of Christ	During this period, a new great temple of Aphrodite is being built. Example of use: The new temple of Aphrodite was built 100 years after the birth of Christ.
707-669 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time the Assyrians, an ancient nation from the Mesopotamia, a region where Iraq is found today came to Amathus to settle. Example of use: The Assyrians came to Amathus in the period 707 to 669 years before the birth of Christ.
77-78 After the birth of Christ	During this period of time, an earthquake destroys Amathus. Example of use: Amathus was destroyed 78 years after the birth of Christ.
7th Century after the birth of Christ	During this period of time, a Christian church that resembles a Roman palace was built on the acropolis. Example of use: The Christian church was built in the 7th century after the birth of Christ.
800 Before the birth of Christ	During this period of time the Phoenicians, an old nation located in the east of Cyprus, came to Amathus to settle. Evidence was found in the acropolis from a monument they had built. Example of use: The Phoenicians came to Amathus 800 years before the birth of Christ.
Acropolis	The highest point of a city. Τhe Acropolis was located on a big hill with dangerous slopes to protect the people. Example of use: The word acropolis means edge of the city.
Adobe brick	It is similar to a brick. It was already used in prehistoric times. It was made of clay and sand. It was first dried in the sun and then cooked. The brick was used for the exterior of the buildings. It was also used to build arches. Example of use: In ancient Rome there were industries that produced adobe bricks.
Adonaea	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means that Aphrodite was related to the world of the dead. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Adonaea.
Adonian Games	The Adonian was a celebration in honor of Adonis. They took place every year and those who participated hunted wild boars, sang and danced. They are considered to be the ancient Greek Easter as they took place in order to remember the death and resurrection of Adonis. Example of use: The Adonian was a celebration that happened every year. *Wild boar - Pig
Adonis	Adonis was the lover of goddess Aphrodite. Amathus had a temple in honor of Adonis. Adonis was hurt by a wild boar while he was hunting and died in the arms of Aphrodite. Example of use: Aphrodite loved Adonis very much.
Aegeus	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means that Aphrodite was armed. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Aegeus.
Aeneas	He was the son of Anchises and Venus. He was a protagonist in the Trojan War. After the war he made a long journey until he arrived in Latium. Usage example: According to the legend, Aeneas' arrival in Latium led to the foundation of Rome
Agora	Central square in old Greek cities where the people of the city gathered. It was a place to discuss about different topics about the city. Example of use: Citizens went to the agora to share their ideas.
Akraea	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means goddess of peaks and capes. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Akraea.
Alabaster	White stone that looks like marble. It's easy to work with this stone. It is used in sculptures and decoration. Example of use: The king's tomb is made of alabaster.
Alabaster	Tall vase with a small opening. It has no handles. It has small holes or small grips for transportation. Women used to put inside their perfumes. Example of use: The alabaster had perfume oils in it.
Alpine meadows	An assemblage of grasses and Flowering plants that grow every year in the Alps and other mountains. They are found under the snows that do not go away and in the summer pastures. Example of use: Alpine meadows remind me of Heidi.
Altar	1. Table where the priest celebrates Mass in the Catholic religion. Example of use: The groom waits for the bride by the altar. 2. Place where a religious image is placed for the believers to see. Example of use: We have set the altar for the pilgrimage of San Cristobal.
Altarpiece	Set of painted or carved figures representing a story or something that happened. It's usually at the bottom of a chapel or behind the altar of churches. Example of use: In the Spanish churches there are many altarpieces.
Amathos	Son of an important hero of ancient Greece that the man Hercules had. Legends tell than the ancient city of Amathus got its name from Amathos. Example of use: Amathos gave its name to the city of Amathus.
Amathus	Αncient city located in Limassol. It is a Unesco world heritage site. Example of use: Amathus is an important historical site.
Amathus Palace	Big house where the king lived. Amathus was a kingdom and the king was the leader of the city. Example of use: As a sign of honour, the king lived in a palace.
Amathusa	Mother of King Kinyras of Paphos. Many people believe that Amathus got its name from Amathusa. Example of use: Amathusa gave her name to Amathus.
Ambulatory	Narrow corridor surrounding the back of the main altar of some churches or cathedrals. Example of use: I really liked the lighting of the ambulatory.
Amphibians	They are vertebrate animals, that is, their skeleton is formed of bones. They can live in and out of water. Amphibians breathe through membranes called gills when they are young and with lungs. when they are adults. Example of use: The toad is an amphibian.
Amphora	It’s a vase made of clay with two handles. It was used in ancient times to transport oil, wine, sauces and honey. Example of use: Many amphorae have been found in the Traiano market.
Amulets	The Egyptian amulets were considered objects of magic. Whoever possessed them would receive the power of the deity or symbol that was on it. People wore them around their necks as jewelry. Their power increased when the person who had them would say certain phrases or performed rituals. The amulets protected children from disease and women when they gave birth. They also protected people from wild animals like snakes and scorpions. Example of use: Amulets had magical power and protected people.
Androkles	Androkles was the last king of Amathus. He supported Alexander the Great and gave him men and ships in his fight against Persia. Example of use: Androkles was a king in Amathus in 323 before Christ.
Anemone Coronaria	Flower with different colour petals. Named after Adonis. Symbolizes the drops of blood from Adonis and the tears of Aphrodite when Adonis was killed by a wild boar. Example of use: Anemone blossoms in Spring.
Anfitheater	It is an oval-shaped building. In the center it has a space where games and performances were played. Inside it has steps where the audience could sit. Example of use: the Colosseum is the most famous amphitheater in Rome.
Angel	He's a spiritual being, who is in God's service. They are God's messengers. In some religions it is represented Like a beautiful young man with wings. Example of use: The guardian angel takes care of us.
Aphrodite temple	Building dedicated to goddess Aphrodite. People went there to ask goddess Aphrodite for protection. Example of use: To honour Aphrodite, the citizens of Amathus built a temple as a place of love.
Aphroditus	Aphroditus was a man that looked like goddess Aphrodite. He wore the same clothes as Aphrodite. He had male genitalia. Aphroditus is the same god as Hermaphroditus, who took his name from his parents, Aphrodite and Hermes. Example of use: Aphroditus was born in Amathus.
Apollodorus of Damasco	He was an architect. He was in charge of designing monuments and buildings. He worked for the emperor Trajan. He designed Trajan's Column and Trajan's port. His most famous work was the Forum of Trajan. Example of use: Apollodorus of Damascus was also a writer and a military man.
Apostle	Person who says or extends an idea, Christian faith. Example of use: Jesus had 12 apostles
Arcades	It is similar to an open gallery. It is located outside a building. It was used to shelter from the rain. It was also used to make a building more beautiful. Example of use: Emperor Augustus built many arcades.
Arc-boutants	It's a half arch that extends out of the cathedral. Helps hold the weight of the ceiling, walls and windows. Example of use: The cathedral's arc-boutants are many years old.
Arch	Half-circle shape which is supported on two columns. The arches are used to: •holding parts of a building •decorate. Example of use: The Burgos Cathedral has very nice arches
Archbishop's cross	It's a cross with a small bar that crosses above the main one. It is used to differentiate bishops . Example of use: The archbishop's cross is made of gold and silver.
Archeological site	An area where old buildings and objects from previous civilizations can be found. Example of use: Amathus is an important archaeological site.
Archeology	It is a study from the old ages until today that discovers and analyses old objects. Archaeology helps us learn about our history and roots as humans. Example of use: Archaeology explains the progress of humanity.
Architechtural floor plant	It is a horizontal drawing of a building. It represents the figure they form walls and walls at a specific height. Example of use: In the cathedral there is a drawing of its architectural plant.
Architechture	1.Technique of designing and building buildings. Example of use: Celia is studying the architecture degree in Pamplona. 2.Set of works or buildings of a creator, a country or an era and that it has equal characteristics. Example of use: The use of glass is common in modern architecture.
Arcosolium	It is an empty space inside an arch. Its first use was as a place where people was buried It was for important people such a saint or martyr. Example of use: Alfonso de Castilla is buried in an arcosolium in the Miraflores Carthusian.
Argileto	It was an ancient street in Rome. It was big and full of book shops. She was highly named by ancient writers. It takes its name from the clay. There was a lot of clay around the road. Example of use: It ran through the Suburra argileto, a very populous area of Rome.
Ariadna	Daughter of King Minos of Crete. Ariadne was traveling with his beloved Theseus from Crete to Athens, and he left her in the city of Amathus. Ariadne helped Theseus: • to kill the Minotaur. The minotaur is a fantastic creature with human body and bull's head. • to get out of the labyrinth. Ariadne died when she gave birth to her son. Example of use: The name of King Minos' daughter is Ariadne.
Arnica	Plant with a stem of about 30 centimetres, with leaves arranged in pairs, and yellow flowers. It is an aromatic plant with a strong smell. Used in medicine. Example of use: Arnica is used to reduce inflammation.
Artefact	Object or part of an object that was used or created by humans. It helps us understand human activity in the area it was discovered. Example of use: Many artefacts were discovered in Amathus.
Asparagus	Sacred plant of Afrodite with pointy leaves. Example of use: Asparagus grows in Spring.
Astarte	Old deity of ancient Phoenicia and Egypt. She was the goddess of war and love. At Amathus Aphrodite was also called Astarte due to their common characteristics. Example of use: Astarte was an old goddess.
Astartidae seashells	These seashells look like female genitalia. This is why they were associated with Aphrodite who is the Goddess of birth and love. Two species of this seashell live in the sea of Cyprus. Example of use: On the beach there are many shells in the sand.
Audacious	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Spada is nicknamed the Audacius.
Avalanche	Large amount or volume of snow, ice and rocks falling very rapidly falling very fast down the side of a mountain. Avalanches occur when accumulated snow is loosened by rain, animal movement or other causes. or other causes. Example of use: The avalanche caused extensive damage at the station.
Bacile	It was a deep, open container. It could have had handles. It was used during meals to wash hands. It was also used to contain meat and fish. Example of use: When it was highly decorated bacile was considered a luxury object.
Balustrade	Wall made of stone, wood or metal which is short in height and has the function of a railing. Example of use: On the first floor, there is a large terrace with balustrade.
Baroque	The Baroque is an artistic style Used in architecture, music, dance, painting and sculpture that developed in Europe in 1700. Baroque sculptures are of huge dimensions. Example of use: In Rome there are many baroque sculptures
Baroque Night	It's an evening that takes place during the Quintana. There are concerts and plays around the city. Example of use: On the Baroque night the city's museums are open.
Barrel vault	It is used in the construction of buildings. It is like a ceiling. It has the shape of a semi circle. It usually covers rectangular spaces. Example of use: The ancient Romans used barrel vaults in the construction of basilicas.
Barroque costume	It’s a very elegant and precious costume. The noble ladies wear very large skirts. The nobles wear cloaks with precious stones. Example of use: During the Historical Parade, they wear baroque costumes.
Basament	It is the base on which buildings or monuments rest. It is also the part where a statue, a column or a small object rests. Example of use: In Roman temples basaments were used to raise important objects for everyone to see.
Base	The base is the lower part of the column. The entire weight of the column rests on the base. The base can rest on the ground or on another structure. In the very ancient columns the base was not there. Example of use: The base of the Column of Antoninus Pius is very famous.
Basilica Ulpia	It was the largest basilica in Rome. It was located in the Forum of Trajan. Inside the Basilica slaves could be set free. Example of use: All that remains of the Basilica Ulpia today are the columns.
Basolata street	It is a road built with basoli. The basolo is a very large stone slab. The basolo is very resistant. It was useful for trade routes where many wagons passed. Example of use: A basolata street in Rome is the ancient Appian Way.
Baths	In the old times the baths were used for cleaning and therapy. The baths of Amathus are the oldest construction in the city. Example of use: People cleaned their wounds in the baths of the city.
Bault	Curved roof covering a space and is supported by several walls or pillars. It's shaped like a bell. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral has many vaults.
Beech	Tree growing up to 30 m high, with a fat, smooth trunk, grey bark and very high branches, which form a round, thick canopy. The wood is reddish and white in colour, light, resistant and whose fruit is the beechnut. Example of use: The beech trees in the forest are very tall.
Bell tower	Tower where the bells are placed. Example of use: In the bell tower of the church there is a clock.
Birch	Tree about 10 metres high, with small, pointed leaves with teeth. Very abundant in the mountains of Europe. Example of use: In my village they have planted one hundred birch trees
Bishop	A priest of the Christian religion who governs a diocese. Example of use: Bishops celebrate Masses in cathedrals.
Bishoprics	Territory or place where a bishop performs its religious functions. It is also known as a diocese. Example of use: Spain is divided into 70 bishoprics.
Block of flats in the Roman times	It was similar to a palace. It had an indoor and outdoor space. On the ground floor there were the shops. On the first floor there were the richest apartments. On the upper floors there were the poorest houses. There were no bathrooms in the houses. The population used the thermal baths and public baths. Example of use: In ancient Rome the block of flats could be 10 floors high.
Boat	Transport vehicle that travels in the sea and carries humans and goods. Example of use: The kids went for a ride in the sea on a boat.
Bold	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Giotti is nicknamed the Bold.
Book of the saints	Book that talks about the lives of the saints. Example of use: In this book of saints you can read The life of St. Francis.
Brave	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Badia is nicknamed the Brave.
Brazier	It was a bronze vessel. It was similar to a small stove. It contained embers of boiling wood. It was used to heat the rooms. It could be moved where it was needed. Example of use: At first braziers were made of clay and used only for cooking, later they were built of metal and used for heating.
Bridge	Construction of stone or other material, To connect 2 parts, for example, of a river. It is used for people or cars to to pass from one side to the other. Example of use: We have to cross the bridge to get to the church which is on the other side of the river.
Brocade	Luxury fabric. Brocade is made with gold and silver threads. It was used to make the costumes of kings and nobles. Example of use: The costumes of ladies and nobles are made in brocade.
Bull	Big animal with characteristic horns. It was a symbol of child birth and in some festivities men wore bull masks. Example of use: In Amathus the bull symbolized fertility.
Bust	Represents the neck and head of a man or woman. It is made of marble, terracotta or bronze. Sometimes the shoulders and chest can also be represented. The arms and hands are never there. For the Romans the head was an important part because it contained the qualities of a person. Example of use: In ancient times a bust was used to celebrate well-known characters.
Buttress	Structure like a column or an arc, which is placed on the outside of a building wall. It serves to make the wall stronger. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral has many buttresses on its exterior.
Cable car	A means of transport that moves through the air. It consists of cabins suspended by ropes. It is used to transport a group of people a group of people from a particular place at different heights, such as a mountain. Example of use: Celia rode the cable car to go to the ski slopes.
Campidoglio	It is one of the seven hills of Rome. It is also called the Capidoglio Hill. At the Campidoglio is the seat of the Municipality of Rome. Example of use: The entire archaeological area of the Imperial Forums extends from the Campidoglio to the Quirinale Hill.
Campo de li Giochi track	Campo de li Giochi Track The Joust of the Quintana of Foligno takes place in a track called Campo de li Giochi. Riding their horses, the knights have to ride through a 8-shaped track. At the center of the track there is the Statue of God Mars. The Statue holds some rings. The riders have to put their lance in the rings that hang from the statue. Example of use: The “Campo de li Giochi” is the track where the horse race takes place
Capital	It is above the column. It also serves to make the column more beautiful. It has several forms. Depending on the shape it has different names. Example of use: In ancient Rome the Corinthian capital was widely used, with decorations similar to leaves.
Carve	Figure made by cutting and shaping wood, stone and other materials. Example of use: In the art museum you can see carved items.
Castle	House or large building built in an elevated place. The castle is usually surrounded by walls and moats to defend it. Example of use: My family travelled to the city of Ponferrada to see its beautiful castle.
Castle ruins	Remains of a castle that has been destroyed by war or because it has been abandoned Example of use: The ruins of the castle of Poza are on top of a rock.
Cat fossile	Cat bones were discovered near Amathus which were preserved in the soil. The bones were there 10,300 years before the birth of Christ. It is the first evidence in the world that cats lived alongside humans since the old times. The discovery of a cat in a inside a grave helps us understand how people lived in Amathus and what kind of relationship they had with the cats. Example: Cat fossils show us the role of animals in human life.
Cathedral	It's a big church, the most important in the area. Inside the cathedral is the bishop's house. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral is almost 800 years old.
Cave	A natural space inside the earth where human can get in. The people of Amathus used the cave for religious activities. Example of use: The people of Amathus thanked goddess Aphrodite inside the cave
Cavea	This is the set of steps of an amphitheater. Spectators took their seats in the cavea. Seating was divided by social class. The richest people never sat next to the poor. Example of use: In ancient Rome initially the cavea was the hidden part of the amphitheater where the animal cages were located.
Cemetery	A cemetery or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. Example of use: Mary went to the cemetery to bring flowers to her grandfather's grave.
Central nave	Main part of a church or cathedral. It's surrounded by the side naves. It is also known as the major nave. Example of use: Mass was held on the central nave.
Chalice	It is the glass in which the Catholic priest serves wine during Mass. Example of use: The chalice that is in the museum of the cathedral of Burgos is very nice.
Chapel	Building near a church or inside of it. The chapels have their own altar. They are decorated with saints and virgins who protect them. Example of use: The Main Chapel is located in Burgos Cathedral.
Choir	1. Group of people who sing at the same time the same piece of music . Example of use: Maria sings in the school choir. 2. Seats inside of a church where priests sit. Example of use: The choir of Burgos Cathedral is next to the tomb of Cid.
Chrysostefanos	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means that Aphrodite had a golden halo. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Chrysostefanos
City	A large and important city where many people live and work. There are many people in the city large buildings, streets and means of transport. The city is a place where you will find shops, businesses and schools. Example of use: Barcelona is a very big city. It has many inhabitants.
Clerestory	Top floor of the central part of a Gothic church, where the windows or stained glass windows are. It serves to get the light inside the building. Example of use: The stained glass Windows are in the clerestory.
Climbing	Going up a steep slope like that of a mountain or at a great height, as in a climbing wall. Example of use: When I went camping we used to go climbing.
Cloister	Corridor with columns Surrounding the courtyard or garden Of a church, convent or cathedral. Example of use: The bishop walks through the cloister of the cathedral.
Coat of arms	It's a drawing that represents A nobleman, a city or a country. It has several divisions with drawings Such as castles, bridges, lions and other symbols. Example of use: At the door of the Royal Palace there is the coat of arms of Spain.
Coating	It is the external part of a building. It can be decorated. It is used to protect the building from rain and wind. Example of use: The Romans used lime as a coating, a material made of limestone, marble and shells.
Coffered ceilings	Ceilings decorated with drawings of wood, stone or other materials Example of use: The cathedral of Teruel has some very beautiful coffered ceilings.
Coin	Small object made of metal that people use to buy things. Amathus used to make its own coins. Example of use: Coins are also used today.
Column	It is composed of 3 parts. The lower part is called the base. The long part that goes upwards is called the stem. This part is straight and has a circular shape. The final part is called capital. It is made of stone and can have very different decorations. Example of use: Trajan's column was built to celebrate victory in the war.
Community	A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. Example of use: The community of my neighbourhood this year has the best gentleman to compete in the fair of the Quintana.
Conservation	The careful protection and management of old objects. Conservation is important so that old objects remain in good condition. Example of use: Old objects need conservation.
Constables of Castile	Title given by King John the first to a person. The person who receives this title controls the army. Example of use: The Constable of Castile was the commander when the king was gone.
Convent	House where a community of religious men and women live. They dedicate their lives to praying and working. Example of use: Pedro is religious and lives in a convent in Galicia.
Cornice	Top part of a building decorated with moldings, that ends up on the roof or the wall of a building or wall. Example of use: John climbed to the top of the building and saw from the cornice all over Madrid.
Cover	Part that is placed at the top of a building to protect it from rain and heat. Example of use: The greenhouse cover is made of plastic.
Crackle	A deep hole or crack that forms in the earth. It is elongated and narrow in shape. A narrow, narrow or narrowly shaped crack caused by movement. As a result of movement. Example of use: John could not continue his journey because of the crackle in the mountain.
Cross vault	It is used in the construction of buildings. It is like a ceiling. They are two half circles that meet each other. It is very resistant. It can support a great weight. Example of use: The cross vault was used as a roof in the Baths of Diocletian. They are the largest baths in ancient Rome.
Crossroad	A place where two or more things meet or join, for example two or more things, for example a road or street. Example of use: A crossing of a road with a railroad line has no barrier
Cruise nave	It is in the churches whose construction it's shaped like a cross. The crossing ship is the space in the center of the cross. Example of use: We can see the church lantern tower above the cruise nave.
Crypt	Underground or basement place where many years ago death people were buried. They can be found under the main floor of a church. Example of use: In the chapel of Santa Tecla there are bishops buried in crypts
Cypraeidae seashells	They got their name from the seashells that people gave as a gift to the temple of Aphrodite in Cyprus. They are very beautiful and were placed as gifts inside the tombs of dead people. They look like female genitalia. This is why they were named after Aphrodite who is the Goddess of birth and love. Two species of this seashell live in the sea of Cyprus. Example of use: On the beach there are many shells in the sand.
Cyprogenia	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means That she was born in Cyprus. Example of use: Aphrodite Cyprogenia was born in Cyprus.
Damage	To cause harm, pain or discomfort to a person, object and many other things. Example of use: The radio does not work because the cable is damaged.
Desert	Sandy or rocky terrain. Sandy, loamy or sandy soil due to lack of rainfall. it has almost no plants. There are four types of deserts: Subtropical deserts are hot and dry all year round. Coastal deserts have cold winters and hot summers. Winter deserts have long, dry summers. Winters are almost rainless. Polar deserts are cold all year round. Example of use: Polar deserts are very cold.
Disciple	Person who receives and follows a teacher's teachings. Example of use: Jesus left many disciples in the world.
Dispute	Quarrel, argument or fight. Example of use: There was a dispute between the children was over a football.
Dome	Roof of a building. Used to cover a circular space. Example of a use: The tower had a round dome.
Domitian	He was a Roman emperor. He decided not to occupy new lands but to defend the ones he already had. He was responsible for starting the construction of the Forum of Nerva. Example of use: Domitian was called Lord
Drummer	Quintana's drummers are young people playing a small drum. Example of use: Each Rione has its own team of drummers.
Ecclesiastical council	Group of priests that belong to a cathedral. Example of use: The priest Juan belongs to the ecclesiastical council of Burgos.
Ecosystem	Group of living things that are related to each other and develop in the same environment, They can live in places like the sea or in the desert. Example of use: In the marine ecosystem among other living things, there are fish, algae and crabs.
Elaemon	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means that Aphrodite helped the people in need. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Elaemon.
Emblem	Symbol representing a noble family Example of use: each Rione has its own emblem.
Emperor	He was the person in charge of multiple peoples. Commanded a group of soldiers. He could punish people even with death. Example of use: The first Roman emperor was Augustus.
End of 4th century after the birth of Christ	During this period of time, the religion of Christianity is growing. St. Tychon drove away the worshippers of Aphrodite from the temple. Example of use: Christianity gains many followers in the late 4th century after the birth of Christ.
Endangered species	A living animal or plant, that is in danger of disappearing. A species can disappear worldwide or in one area of the earth. These animals and plants will only be able to live if activities or actions are taken to care for or protect them. Example of use: The panda bear is an endangered animal.
Endemic	1.Characteristic of a disease that appears at certain times in a country or region Example of use: Ebola has become endemic disease. 2.Endemic species These are animals or plants that live naturally in an area, that is, they have not been taken from elsewhere and only live there. Example of use: The Teide blue chaffinch is an endemic animal of Tenerife
Equestrian statue	It represents a man riding his horse. The man was either an emperor or an army leader. It was built to celebrate a brave man. It was made of bronze. Example of use: The only equestrian statue that has been preserved well is that of Marcus Aurelius.
Eracle or Hercules	In ancient Rome it was Hercules. He was the son of Zeus. It was very strong. Example of use: Eracle was protected by the goddess Minerva.
Esculptor	A person who makes object made from stone and marble. Example of use: Statues are made by the sculptor.
Estate	Land owned by one person. Estates may be in the countryside or in the city. Example of use: John has fruit trees on his estate.
Eteocypriot language	Ancient language that was spoken by the first Cypriots. Until today, no one has managed to read it. Example of use: The first language of Cyprus was eteocypriot.
Eteocypriots	The first inhabitants of Amathus and Cyprus. They lived on the island before other nations came. Example of use: The first inhabitants of Cyprus are called eteocypriots.
Evangelists	People who wrote in the Bible About the life and teachings of Jesus. Example of use: St. John the Evangelist wrote some poems.
Excavation	Discovery of old objects under the earth. With excavation, scientists dig the ground and remove the sand in order to find old objects. Example of use: The excavation of Amathus helped in the discovery of the city.
Exedra	It is a construction in the shape of a half circle. It could be found outside or inside. It had stone seats. It was used to meet other people and talk. Example of use: It was a construction widely used by the Romans and then also used by other populations.
Exhibition	It is a place where objects are exhibited. The exhibition has a beginning and an end. When the exhibition ends the objects are moved to a safe place. In some exhibitions objects are sold. Example of use: To organize an exhibition it takes money and a lot of organization.
Facade	Decorated part of the building where is the main entrance door, It is usually in churches or cathedrals. Example of use: The facade of the cathedral of Burgos It is in Santa Maria square.
Fauna	Animal set live in a particular place and at a certain time. Example of use: Wild boars are part of Mediterranean fauna.
Feudalism	The economic, political and social system in the Middle Ages. Feudalism divided people into three social groups which were the nobility, the church and the peasants. The peasants worked the lands of the nobles in exchange for their protection. Example of use: Feudalism obliged the peasants to serve the nobles in exchange for protection.
Field	Land that is located outside the towns and cities. Very few people live in the countryside. The field is used for work agriculture and forests. Example of use: Juan works in the field harvesting the wheat.
Figurine	Small statue that shows the figure of a human, animal, plant or object Very important in old religions for protection and good luck Placed in tombs and private homes. Example of use: The figurine of Aphrodite was discovered in Amathus.
Fisherman	A person who fishes for animals because it is his job or because he likes it. Example of use: The fisherman caught a lot of fish in the Arlanzón river.
Flora	Group of plants and trees A group of flora or fauna of an area or country. Example of use: Flora of a national park is very diverse. There are various species of pine trees in this park.
Flycatcher	It is a figure with human form that is on top of a clock of Burgos Cathedral, that is, a machine that imitates the figure and movements of a living being. Every hour he open and close your mouth at the same time that he moves his arm and hits the bell. Example of use: Maria went to the cathedral at 12 in the morning to see the flycatcher ring the bell.
Folklore	Represents culture, customs and traditions. These traditions are passed on from one person to another through music, stories, theatre and many other ways. Example of use: City of Burgos has a folklore festival.
Ford	Part of a shallow river. A part of the Shallow River on foot or by car or or another type of vehicle. Example of use: David and his friends walked around a ford to get to the other side of the river.
Forest	Large area of land where there are many plants and trees. Animals live in the forest. Trees and plants in the forest can be the same or different. Example of use: Forest guardians are people responsible for looking after forests.
Forest ranger	They are nature police, who protect and conserve the natural heritage, like the forests and all the animals and plants that live in them. Example of use: My friend Leandro is a forest ranger in the province of Soria.
Forested	Related to forests and to the use we can make of them such as feeding animals in pastures, planting trees or harvesting their wood. Example of use: Reforested projects are carried out in the forests of my village.
Forum	It’s like a square. In ancient times, citizens met here to pray, buy, sell, discuss and listen to speeches. Inside there are numerous buildings and monuments. Example of use: The Forum is located in the center of the city because it is important.
Forum of Augustus	It was the second forum built in the city of Rome. It was built to celebrate Emperor Augustus. It was like a square. The square was also used as a court. There was a temple dedicated to Mars. In the temple the senators gathered to talk about battles and victories. Example of use: In the center of the Forum of Augustus there was a large statue of Augustus.
Forum of Caesar	It was the first forum of the city of Rome. It is built to celebrate Julius Caesar. It consisted of a large rectangular square closed by a temple. In the square there were many statues. In the center was the equestrian statue of Caesar. There were also shops. It was used to meet, make decisions, sell, pray. Usage example: The Forum of Caesar failed to complete due to Caesar's death.
Forum of Nerva	It was built by the emperor Domitian. It stood on land where there used to be a market. After Domitian's death, houses were built in the square. Inside there was a temple dedicated to Minerva. The square was long and narrow. There were no arcades because there was little space. Example of use: Forum of Nerva was the penultimate hole to be built.
Forum of peace	It was like a square. On the square there was a temple. The temple was similar to a church. In the temple people prayed. In the square there was also a library and a museum. In the center of the square there were gardens, statue and fountains. Example of use: The forum of peace was built by the Emperor Vespasian. At first it was called the Temple of Peace.
Forum of Trajan	It was the last forum built. It was the largest one. Parties took place inside. It consisted of a large square. The pavement of the square was made of large slabs of white marble. In the center there was a statue of Trajan horseriding. Example of use: Trajan built the forum of Trajan with the money won in the war.
Friar	It is the name given by the Catholic Church to the people who are in a religious community. To achieve a religious goal through community life. They lived on the alms or charity of others and took a vow of poverty. Example of use: The Augustinian friars received the statue of the Holy Christ
Frieze	It is a piece of horizontal construction above the column. It can be decorated, smooth or with writing. Example of use: In Roman buildings the frieze was made up of a single block of marble.
Front	The outside part of a building. Example of use: The front of my house is painted yellow.
Front porch	It is similar to an open gallery. It is located outside a building. It was used to shelter from the rain. It was also used to make a building more beautiful. Example of use: Emperor Augustus built many front porchs.
Furious	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Contrastanga is nicknamed the Furious
Gareggiare de Convivi	It's the cooking competition among the ten wards of the city. Each district organizes a banquet. Example of use: This year there are great meals in the cooking contest of Gareggiare de Convivi.
Gargoyle	It is a tube that drains the rainwater that falls on the roof. It was decorated with figures of animals or people and are made of stone. Example of use: Gargoyles come out of the pipe of the roofs.
Generous	The day of the Quintana Each rider has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of the Rione La Mora is nicknamed the Generous.
God Bes	God Bes was the leader of the wild animals and protected the women and and children. His image was found on many objects. He always has his hands on on his knees and his tongue out of his mouth. Example of use: God Bes protected the children and the women.
God Mars	Many years ago the war was very frequent, ancient people had God of War. In ancient Roman religion, Mars was the god of war. Example of use: Soldiers pray to the God Mars.
God Mars Statue	The Statue is made of wood. It represents the god Mars, the god of war. On his left hand, the god Mars has a shield, on the right hand there is a hook where the rings are placed. The knights have to use their lance to tuck the rings. Example of use: John places the rings in the statue of God Mars.
Goldsmith	A craftsman who’s trade Is to make or sell decorative objects with silver, gold and precious stones. Example of use: In Burgos Cathedral we find works of different goldsmiths.
Gothic style	Set of works and art that appear in Europe since the end of the 12th century until the beginning of the 16th century. It is known for its pointed arches. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral is Gothic style.
Grave markers	The grave markers were placed on the way to the grave or on the the surface of the ground, above the grave. In Amathus the markers were columns with lions on top. Later with Greek art the signs had images of people. Example of use: The grave markers at Amathus changed over the years.
Grid	Fence that limits an open space. Example of use: Juan saw the chapel from the grid.
Hamlet	Very small village where few people live. It is in the countryside. People living in the hamlets work in agriculture and nearby villages. Example of use: John's grandparents live in a hamlet.
Hathor	Goddess of Ancient Egypt. She has a lot of common characteristics with goddess Aphrodite. She transported the souls of the dead to the afterlife. Her face was found on many objects discovered in Amathus. Example of use: Godess Hathor protected people from evil.
Hathoric pier capital	Pier capital is the upper part of the column. It is the head of the column. In Amathus , several pier capitals with the face of the Egyptian goddess Athor were found. Example of use: The pie capital of the goddess Athor has several designs on it.
Hathoric Stele	Horizontal stele showing the face of goddess Hathor. It was discovered in Amathus and shows the love towards goddess Hathor. Example of use: The hathoric stele was constructed for goddess Hathor.
Headstone	Flat stone with written words in memory of a person. Example of use: On the headstones of the cemetery we can read who is buried.
Hemicycle	It is a construction in the shape of a half circle. In the squares it serves to give an effect of grandeur. In theaters it serves to allow all spectators to see and hear well. Example of use: Trajan's markets in Rome are an example of a hemicycle.
Hermitage	Small place where priests live alone. Example of use: My village has a small hermitage.
Hiking	A sporting activity that consists of walking through the countryside following a marked route. Example of use: In my neighbourhood there is a hiking group that goes for a walk on Saturday mornings.
Hills	The hill is a higher piece of land. Rome is famous for its seven hills. The ancient city was built on the hills of Rome. They are still visible today. Example of use: The seven hills of Rome are called Aventino, Campidoglio, Celio, Esquilino, Palatino, Quirinale and Viminale.
Historian	A person who works studying and writing about history, that is, tells us about events that have happened in the past. Example of use: Álvaro is a historian and has published the history of Spain in several books.
Historical Parade	The night before the race, the representatives of the 10 districts parade through the streets of the city. Nobles, knights and drummers wear baroque costumes. Example of use: The Historical Parade takes place every year in Foligno.
Hoop	It's a circle-shaped element which may have different material and size. Example of use: John placed the hoops in the statue of God Mars.
Hunter	1. A person who hunts animals because it is his job or because he likes it. 2. Animal, who chases and hunts other animals to survive. Example of usage: In spring, groups of people go hunting to the hunting ground in my village.
Icon	Religious painting of some Christian churches, Especially Greece, Russia and other eastern European countries. Example of use: Maria loves the color and the golden background of the icons of The Churches of Russia.
Incarcerate	To put a person in jail. Example of use: My neighbour is in jail for stealing. Police decided to incarcerate him.
Incense burner	Object used for burning leaves and herbs. In Amathus it was important for religious ceremonies. Example of use: The smoke from the incense burner filled the room.
Information panel	It is similar to a billboard but more resistant. Contains useful information for visiting a place. It can also reproduce images or words like a computer screen. Usage example: The information panel is very useful for tourists.
Intercolumniation	Space between two columns. Example of use: Hugo went to the chapel through the intercolumniation.
Jamb	Vertical part that holds and supports the arch, doors or windows. Example of use: Luis varnished the jamb because it was damaged.
Joust of the Quintana of Foligno	It is a horse race where 10 riders have to put their lance in the rings that hang from the statue. It takes place in Foligno 2 times a year. Foligno is a city located in Italy. Example of use: The fair of the Quintana de Foligno takes place in June and September.
Julius Caesar	He was one of the most important commanders in history. He defeated the Gauls, a population living in France. He began to command after defeating his rivals Pompey and Crassus. Some people killed him to keep him from command. Among the people who killed him was his son Brutus. Example of use: Julius Caesar wrote diaries where he recounted his adventures.
Key	It is an object that is used to open or close a door. In ancient Rome the keys were similar to rings. They were made of bronze. They were very big. Example of use: The keys were used above all to close and open safes inside houses.
King Sigismund of Hungary	King of many territories such as Hungary and Italy and German Emperor. Son of Charles IV and Elisabeth of Pomerania. He was a great warrior and created the Order of the Dragon, which was an army of nobles and princes founded in the Middle Ages to fight against the enemies of the Catholic Church Example of use: King Sigismund was very powerful.
Knight of the Joust	The 10 Knights represent the districts of Foligno. To win the Joust the Knight has to ride through a 8-shaped track and put his lance in the rings. The most precise and the fastest knight wins the race. Example of use: The knights, riding their horses, must tuck the rings, using a metal lance.
Kourotrophos	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means that Aphrodite protected the infants. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Kourotrophos.
Lake	A natural water reservoir, surrounded by land and not part of the ocean. Lakes are larger and deeper than ponds. Lakes. They are usually freshwater. Example of use: Covadonga lakes are in the Picos de Europa mountains.
Lamp	It was used to illuminate the houses. It could have been bronze or terracotta. Inside it had a small container that contained oil. The light came on while burning the oil. Example of use: Lamp could also be hung from the ceiling as a chandelier.
Lantern tower	It is a tower which is in the centre of the church. It is built for light to enter the building. Example of use: El Cid's tomb is under the lantern tower.
Larch	Very tall tree with fragrant wood, straight and slender trunk. Open branches and soft green leaves. Its fruit is a pinecone smaller than that of the pine tree. Example of use: It is rare to find in Burgos a larch forest.
Latrine	It is like a bathroom. They were usually outdoors. They were covered with a roof. They could be used by everyone. Inside we met and chatted. Example of use: In the latrines of ancient Rome there was always water available for washing.
Legacy	1. What someone leaves behind when they die, such as money, pictures or houses, in their will to another person or persons, that is, what is passed on to an heir 2. What is left to us by someone important such as a painter, writer or a culture such as the Romans and which everyone can enjoy when they are dead Example of use: Ishmael left his library to the city of Nice. That was his legacy.
Legend	Popular story based on events that can be real or invented. It is usually spread by one person telling another. Example of use: The dragon of St. George is a legend
Library	It consisted of two large rooms. It had columns on the walls. Between the columns there were spaces with steps. Books and collections of laws were kept in the library. Example of use: In the Imperial Forums there is the Ulpia Library which contains the Trajan's Column in its courtyard, the only column still entire.
Lintel	Item lying down that's on top windows and doors. It has the function of holding the weight. Example of use: The word "welcome" is read on the lintel.
Lordship	Territory or area belonging to a person. This person is known known as a lord. The lord rules over all the land that he owns. Example of use: The lordship of the Marquis had a pig farm.
Loyal	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Croce Bianca is nicknamed the Loyal.
Lute	It is a musical instrument with strings. There were three strings. It is the ancestor instrument of our guitar. It was easier to play than the zither. Example of use: It is thought that the lute is a medieval instrument while it was already used by the ancient Romans.
Marble	It's a kind of rock. It has different colors. It is used as material For construction and sculpture. Example of use: The Cid statue is made of marble.
Marble anthropomorphic sarcophagus	It's one of the eleven sarcophagi in the form of humans that recovered in Cyprus. It is made of white marble and was made from by a craftsman who lived in Amathus. Example of use: Inside the sarcophagus were bones from different people.
Marked path	A narrow road that is marked how to get to a particular place. Example of use: John followed the marked path to get to the house in the woods.
Market	It is the place where the sale of objects takes place. Products to eat are sold. Handmade products such as bags or clothes are also sold. Example of use: Trajan's Markets in Rome were not used for the sale of objects. In Trajan's markets there were places similar to offices where citizens' problems were resolved.
Mars	He is a god of the Roman religion. He is the god of war, rain and wealth. He is always represented with a helmet, shield and spear. Example of use: Mars was the father of Romulus and Remus, founder of Rome.
Meander	Each of the curves of a river or a road. Example of use: The river forms meanders before reaching Burgos.
Mine	A place inside or on the surface of earth where people take out various metals. Amathus had its own mine close by and made coins. Example of use: There are many seashells at the beach.
Minerva	She was a goddess. He protected just wars, loyalty and wisdom. She was the inventor of the chariot. His symbol was the owl. Example of use: A temple dedicated to Minerva was located in the Forum of Nerva
Molding	Is it a complement or detail with which a thing ends. It serves as decoration or reinforcement. It is placed along a facade, at the junction of the walls with the ceiling or in works of art. Example of use: The patterned molding It's all over the front.
Monarch	The person who has the most power or authority of a country. It is known by the name of king. Example of use: Our monarch, Philip the sixth has two daughters.
Monastery	Building in which the monks live. Monasteries are located away from towns or cities. Example of use: The film was made in a monastery.
Monk	A person who belongs to a religious order. Example of use: The monks were praying in the church.
Moro	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Pugilli is nicknamed the Moro.
Mountain	A natural elevation of land of great height. It usually has sloping sides. The top or end of the mountain is shaped like a point. Example of use: Everest is a very tall mountain.
Mountain guide	A person who works through teaching and guiding a person or group of persons mountain trails and routes. A mountain guide is a trained and experienced and with a great deal of experience. He has a document issued by the local authorities or mountain guide associations that says he is a good to do the job. Example of use: Luis works every summer as a mountain guide.
Mountain hut	A small house in the mountains. The chalets are built with branches, reeds or logs. These materials are found in the countryside. Example of use: A shepherd uses a mountain hut in winter.
Mountain range	A set of mountains joined together. Example of use: The climbers ascended the Cantabrian Mountain range.
Mountain resort	It's the place for a holiday located in the mountains. In mountain resorts are located: • Hotels • Restaurants • Ski resorts where winter sports are practiced, such as skiing, snowboarding, ice climbing and ice skating. and ice skating. In mountain resorts summer activities such as mountain biking and mountain biking such as mountain biking and many others. Example uses: Elena went on holiday to a mountain resort.
Mug	It is a container for liquids. It is made of bronze. It has only one handle. It was used to hold water, wine or milk. Example of use: The use of the mug in ancient Rome is the same as it is today.
Mullion	Thin column which divides into two parts the opening of a door or window. Usage example: The door of the cathedral is divided by a mullion.
Museum	Building in which old objects of historic and scientific importance are stored and presented. Many of the old objects that were found in Amathus are inside the museum. Example of use: People go to the museum to see old objects.
Narcissus	Flower with different colour petals. Named after Narcissus. Narcissus was a man that loved only himself. Aphrodite punished him by making him love his face which he could see in the waters of a river. Narcissus fell in the water and died. A flower grew at his place which leans to see itself. Example of use: Narcissus blossoms in Spring.
National park	Protected natural area in which rules must be complied with to take care of its landscape, plants and animals. Example of use: Doñana National Park is one of the 5 largest national parks largest national parks in Spain.
Natural area	Land where many plants and trees have grown without having been planted. Example of use: In the natural area there are many different plants and they smell very nice.
Natural landscape	It is the land or space that has not been modified by people. This land is not inhabited, no people live on it. Examples of use: Elena goes hiking in a natural landscape.
Nave	Space between two walls or rows of columns. Example of use: The bride enters through the nave towards the altar.
Necropolis	Big open space where dead people were buried during the old times. There are two necropolises in Amathus, in the left and right side of the city. Example of use: The word necropolis means city of the dead.
Nerva	He was a Roman emperor. He was a calm and attentive person. He was a man who knew so many things. To make people love him, he gave money to the people and the military. Example of use: When Nerva became emperor he was 66 years old.
Niche	Half-circle hollow that's on a wall, an altarpiece or another surface. Inside the niche there is usually a statue, an image or an ornament. Example of use: The statue of the Saint is in a small niche in the hermitage.
Noble	It refers to a rich and powerful person or family Example of use: In the Baroque period, peasants and nobles were very different from each other.
Noble lady	A female member of the nobility Example of use: Quintana’s noble ladies wear beautiful costumes.
Notice of challenge	The Bando is the official text of the Quintana. The evening of the Historical Parade and the day of the Joust, an actor reads out the Bando loud. Example of use: The Reading of the Notice of Challenge is a very exciting moment
Nymphaeum	Holy place dedicated to the nymphs of water springs. Usually they were natural caves with water springs. Example of use: Nymphaeum was named after the Nymphs.
Oak	Tree of fifteen or twenty metres height, it can sometimes grow up to forty metres. Thick trunk and large branches, it has yellow-green flowers and its fruits are bitter acorns. The wood is hard and brownish in colour, very valuable. Example of use: The table in the picnic area is made of oak wood.
Observation tower	Place or highest point from where people can see a beautiful landscape. Example of use: My brother took the photo from the observation tower
Octavian Augustus	He was the first Roman emperor. He made sure that there was peace during his reign. Octavian Augustus made the city of Rome more beautiful by building many monuments. He loved poetry. Example of use: Octavian Augustus asked Virgil to write the Aeneid.
Palla	It was like a cloak. It was worn by women. It could be worn in several ways. It could also be used as a headdress. Example of use: the palla in ancient Rome had a rectangular shape and for men it was called palla.
Pallium	The Palio is a large decorated piece of cloth. The Palio is the prize that receives the Knight who wins the Quintana. Every year a different artist paints the Palio. Example of use: All gentlemen compete in the race to win the pallium.
Pandemos	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means Goddess of all people. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Pandemos
Passion	To have a very strong interest in something. Example of use: The citizens of Foligno have a great passion for the Quintana.
Path	Narrow path formed by the passage of of people or animals. Example of use: My friends reached the top of the mountain following the path next to the river.
Peak	Highest part of a mountain. It is usually shaped like a point. Example of use: The Aneto peak is the highest peak in the Pyrenees
Peasant	A poor person who lives and work on the countryside. Example of use: In the Baroque period, peasants and nobles were very different from each other.
Pediment	It is located at the top of the facade of a building or monument. It has a triangular shape. It can be smooth or decorated. Example of use: The bronze foot of a statue above the pediment of the Temple of Augustus is exhibited in the Museum of the Imperial Forums.
Pertinacious	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Cassero is nicknamed the Pertinacius.
Pilar	It's an object that allows you to hold something. It's shaped like a column, and it is usually tall and thin. Example of use: The bridge needs six pillars to hold.
Pilaster	It is used to decorate. It is like a column inside a wall. It is slightly protruding. Like a column it has its base and its capital. Example of use: In ancient Rome the pilaster was used for the walls of churches.
Pinnacle	Last piece that is on top of a tower or bell tower of a church. Example of use: You can see the pinnacles of Burgos Cathedral from all over the city.
Plateau	Plain or flat terrain. A plateau is a large and is higher than other surrounding areas. Example of use: Juan walked out onto the plateau to see the beautiful sunset.
Polychromed	To place or put different colors on something, for example, a statue, a wall and other things. Usage example: The statue of the virgin has been polychromed.
Pontia Einalia	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means sea, Goddess of the sea. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Pontia-Einalia.
Pontia of Cyprus	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means Lady of Cyprus. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Potnia of Cyprus.
Port	Place where ships and boats park. The port was very important for Amathus to buy and sell goods. Example of use: The ships unload their goods at the port.
Port of Trajan	It is a natural or man-made structure. It is found along the shores of the sea, a lake or a river. It is used to park boats. It is also used to protect boats from bad weather. Example of use: the port of Traiano was located in Fiumicino. It was used to transport goods arriving from the sea to Rome. The boats passed on the River Tiber.
Portal	It is the door of a building. The door faces the outside. It has a religious value. Point to the door of salvation. Example of use: The use of portals developed in Roman times.
Prelate	He's a priest who holds a higher office. within the Catholic Church because he sends other priests. Bishops or archbishops are prelates. Example of use: The prelate meets with the priests.
Presbytery	Space that's nearby of the main altar of a church, may be higher and surrounded by a railing. Example of use: In the presbytery they hear mass the greatest cures.
Priest	Person who has the third priestly order of more importance given by the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican Church. The priest has among his main functions: celebrate mass Explain the Gospel. give some sacraments for example baptism, confirmation, and others. Spiritual guidance. Example of use: Luis has a priest friend
Prior	The Prior is at the head of each ward. Example of use: During the historical parade the Priors wear very precious clothes.
Procurator	He was a trusted person of the emperor. He was usually a soldier. He took care of the emperor's money. In the city he decided on the roads, aqueducts and public buildings. He could also deal with a distant territory conquered by the emperor. Example of use: Pontius Pilate was procurator in Judea.
Protected area	Controlled or monitored area which has rules to protect natural resources, culture and services that exist in the area. Examples of protected areas are: national parks, wilderness areas, community protected areas and nature reserves. Example of use: Spain has many protected areas.
Ptolemaic Dynasty	Royal family that ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the great for around 300 years. During this period, Cyprus and Amathus became part of the Ptolemaic empire. Example of use: The Ptolemies became that leaders of Amathus.
Ptolemy	General in the army of Alexander the Great. When Alexander died, Ptolemy became the leader of Egypt. Example of use: In the old times, Ptolemy was the leader of Egypt.
Quadriga	It is similar to a chariot. It had two wheels and was pulled by four horses. It was used in running competitions and sports games. Sometimes important people used the chariot on the streets of Rome. Example of use: The first person who used a quadriga was Tarquinio Priscus, Who was the fifth king of Rome.
Queen Mary of Hungary	Or Mary of Austria or Mary of Habsburg. Daughter of Philip the Fair and Joan the Mad. She was queen consort of Hungary, that is to say, she was queen by marriage to Louis the Second of Hungary between 1521 and 1526 She was very clever in politics and very intelligent and prevented the ruin of her family Example of use: Queen Mary of Hungary was very clever.
Quintana	The word Quintana comes from Latin and it means 5 road. It is one of the roads of the Roman military camp. The soldiers of the Roman army trained in this road. The soldiers, riding their horse, had to place their lance into the ring hanging to the statue. Example of use: The Quintana was a road of the military camp where soldiers trained.
Quirinale	It is one of the seven hills of Rome. It takes its name from the god Quirinus. A temple was built on the Quirinal for the god Quirinus. Romulus, the founder of Rome, was associated with the god Quirinus. Example of use: The entire archaeological area of the Imperial Fora extends from the Quirinale to the Capitoline Hill.
Rampat	Part of a protective wall that extends outside. It helped protect the city from enemies. Example of use: The walls of Amathus had a rampart.
Reconquer	Conquer or recover something that had been lost. Example of use: Luis wants his territory back. You have to reconquer it.
Reconstruction	Back to construction, rebuilt. Example of use: The reconstruction of Notre Dame has already started.
Reign	This is the time in which a king or queen holds office or rules a king or queen. Example of use: Philip the Fourth's reign is difficult.
Reinaissance style	Set of works and art which appeared in the 15th and 16th centuries, which takes as an example the art of Greece and Rome. Example of use: Seville Square is Renaissance style.
Reione la Mora	The Rione La Mora has as its coat of arms a mulberry tree on a green background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione La Mora are hung.
Reione Morlupo	The Rione Morlupo has as its coat of arms a black wolf on a pink background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Morlupo are hung.
Religion	Set of beliefs about human beings and their relationship with God. They include ceremonies, prayers and standards of behavior. Example of use: There are many religions in the world. For example, Christian, Buddhist and Jewish.
Reptiles	Vertebrate animals, that is, they have a skull, a tail, and a backbone. Reptiles are oviparous because they reproduce by laying eggs. They breathe through their lungs. They move from place to place by crawling on the ground. Example of use: Crocodiles, lizards and snakes. are reptiles.
Rest area	Space to rest, rest or stop working or driving or driving Example of use: People who make long journeys stop in the rest areas.
Rione Ammanniti	The Rione Ammanniti has as its coat of arms two crossed swords on a pink background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of the Rione Ammanniti are hung
Rione Badia	The Rione Badia has as its coat of arms A Roman soldier on horseback. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Badia are hung.
Rione Cassero	The Rione Cassero has as its coat of arms a crenellated tower on a yellow background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Cassero are hung.
Rione Contrastanga	The Rione Contrastanga has as its coat of arms a bridge, under which passes a pond of water. The bridge is represented by three golden bars. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Contrastanga are hung.
Rione Giotti	The Rione Giotti has as its coat of arms A lily and a cross on a background of white and blue waves. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Giotti are hung.
Rione Pugilli	The Rione Pugilists has its coat of arms A black eagle on a white background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Pugilli are hung.
Rione Spada	The Rione Spada has as its coat of arms A sword on a black background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Spada are hung.
Rione White Cross	The White Cross Reione has as its coat of arms a white cross on a red background. Example of use: In the days of Quintana, the flags of Rione Croce Bianca are hung.
Ritual	Μovements and words that symbolize something in religious events. Example of use: The ritual is performed in honour of the Gods.
River	A watercourse rising in the mountains and ends in the sea or another river. In some cases, a river ends on land and dries up. Example Usage: The Amazon is the longest river in the world.
Rock dwellings in Dúpänce:	Dunes, rock dwellings Caves excavated in rock as if they were holes, placed side by side and were used as dwellings and food storage in the valley of the Stiavnica stream. Example of use: Rock dwellings in Dúpänce are very popular in Slovakia.
Rocks	They are stones or elements created by nature, that is, they are not man-made. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are very heavy. Example of use: John went to look at the sea by the rocks.
Roman basilica	The Roman basilica was a public building. Many things were done inside. In the basilica citizens could sell or buy houses or lands. Here disputes between citizens could be resolved. It was shaped like a rectangle. Example of use: Julius Caesar had a Roman basilica built.
Romulus y Remus	Romulus and Remus were two twin brothers. Romulus was the first king of Rome. They were sons of Rea Silva, a relative of Aeneas. Abandoned by their mother, they were suckled by a she-wolf. Example of use: As adults Romulus and Remus fought to found the city of Rome. Remo died in the battle.
Rosette	Circular window who has an ornate stained-glass window with different drawings and colors. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral has beautiful rosettes.
Round	The tournament is divided into 3 rounds. In the first round the rings’ size is 8 centimetres. In the second round the rings’ size is 6 centimetres and in the third round they are just 5 centimetres. Example of use: John placed three rings in the third round of the tournament.
Sacra	Sheet or tablet that is put on the altar so the priest can read the parts he always says during Mass. Example of use: The priest reads the sacra during Mass.
Sacred	It is a word that comes from the Latin. Indicates something related to a deity and its cult. It is linked to the concept of religion Example of use: The sacred main deities in ancient Rome were Mars, Jupiter and Quirinus.
Sacred history	Explanation of facts that occurred in religion that a person counts in an orderly manner. Sacred history information appears in the bible in the Christian religion. Example of use: The priest tells the sacred history at mass.
Saint	Person who is dedicated to God or religion and has done something special for others. Example of use: Saint Teresa of Jesus he was appointed saint on March 12, 1622.
Sarcophagus ofAmathus	Coffin where they used to put inside the body of a dead person in the old times. It belonged to a king of Amathus. Example of use: To honour a dead king, his body was placed in a sarcophagus.
Sawmill	A place where wood is sawn. Example of use: In the Pinares area there are many sawmills.
Scarabs	The scarabs were small pieces of different rocks that had a seal on them. Their use was widespread throughout the region. They were used as seals and as amulets, which were worn by people or were offered as a gift to the gods. As amulets, they had a religious and magical power, protecting the people in life and in the and death. Example of use: Many scarabs were found inside tombs at Amathus.
Sea	This is salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface of the Earth's surface. Example of use: Juan went by boat in the Bay of Biscay.
Seashells	The outside protective shells of small sea organisms. According to the myth, Aphrodite was born in the sea on top of a seashell. Example of use: There are many seashells at the beach.
Sepulcher	It's a matter for a person to be buried. It may be placed on the floor or on the wall. Example of use: The family has decided change the remains of grandparents to the sepulcher next to the church.
Shaft	It's the part of the column That is between the capital and the base. Being the main part of the columns. Example of use: The spine has a smooth and thin shaft.
She-Wolf	The she-wolf is an important figure in the legend of Romulus and Remus. It is said that the she-wolf found the two weeping brothers as soon as they were born. The she-wolf nursed them as her own children until they were found by a shepherd. Example of use: The she-wolf nursing the twins is the symbol of the city of Rome.
Shipwreck	Boat that has sank in the water during its trip. In the sea around Amathus there are many shipwrecks from boats that carried goods. Example of use: Many old objects were discovered inside the shipwrecks
Shops	They were used as a place to sell. Inside, the materials and objects to sell were prepared. They were very small. The furnishings were few. Often there were chairs to accommodate the customer. Example of use: Near the Imperial Forums we find the Trajan's Market with many shops.
Side aisle	Space limited by walls or columns. It is located parallel to the central or main nave. The side nave is in the cathedrals and it can have chapels. Example of use: John walked the aisle to get to the chapel of the Constables of Castile.
Silversmith	It is the craftsman who makes and sells jewelry and other objects decorated in silver. Example of use: The silversmith works the silver to make earrings.
Skyphos	Skyphos was a type of Greek wide cup with two handles. It was made of clay and usually had paintings on it. Example of use: Skyphos is a clay cup.
Slat	Flat and thin piece. It's usually made of wood. Example of use: John painted the slat blue.
Soprastanti Market Fair	Soprastanti Market Fair It is a market fair that takes place during the Quintana. Visitors paying in “Quattrino” “Quattrino” was the coin used in 17th century. Example of use: The Soprastanti market fair takes place in September.
Spandrel	Space with a trangle shape that has a straight side and one or two sides with curves. It is located between the arch and the lintel. You can find it decorated. Example of use: The spandrel is decorated with medals.
Spear	It's a weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head. Knights used this weapon. Example of use: Many years ago, men used spears to hunt.
Spire	A tall structure elongated and pointed in shape that looks like a pyramid. It is placed over the towers and bell towers Of Gothic cathedrals and churches to decorate them and make them taller. Example of use: The spire of Burgos Cathedral is 84 meters long.
Spring	A place where water is born from the ground or rocks in a natural way. Springs can be always in the same place or appear after the water from rain or snow. Example of use: The water of this spring is very cold.
Stained glass window	Colored glass from a window. May have different drawings of landscapes, people, animals and other topics. Example of use: Light enters through the windows with stained glass windows
Staircase	Construction that serves to go up and down from one floor to another. Example of use: Luis lives on the second floor. Always go up and down the staircase.
Stalls	Set of seats joined to each other, who share the place where we rest our arms, like those of a church choir. Example of use: The choir stalls of Burgos Cathedral They have different image sizes.
Statue	It is a sculpture representing a human, animal or symbol. The sculpture can be made from any material such as stone or wood and can take any shape. Example of use: The Statue of Liberty is in the United States of America.
Steal	To take something that is not yours from another person. It can be stolen with violence or force. Example of use: John stole Anne's pencil case.
Stola	In ancient Rome, the stole was part of women's clothing. It was a full, foot-length tunic. It was held with a belt at the waist. Example of use: Even today the stole is still used on some occasions, for example as a garment for priests during religious services.
Stone carver	Person who pulls the stone out of the earth and works on it by shaping it. These stones are used for construction. Example of use: The stone carver works the stone to shape it as an angel.
Street	It is a flat and horizontal construction. It is used to make vehicles and people walk unhindered. The ancient Romans built very resistant roads. Example of use: A type of Roman street is the paved one.
Structure	Set of pieces joined together that serve to hold or place something. Example of use: The structure of the building is iron.
Sundial	It is also called a sundial clock. It consists of a base positioned both horizontally and vertically. On the base there is a pole that indicates noon. The position of the sun in the sky determines a shadow on the base. From the position of the shadow you can calculate the time. Example of use: The Romans used the sundial to calculate the time.
Swamp	Stagnant or retained water, That is, no movement. This water is usually shallow. In swamps, many water plants many water plants grow in swamps. Example of use: The Arija swamp is in Burgos.
Tabernacle	In Catholic churches, it's the place, where the communion cup is kept. Example of use: The priest takes the communion cup of the tabernacle.
Tavern	The tavern is a public place where you can eat and drink during the Quintana. Every ward has its own tavern. Example of use: In the taverns of the city of Foligno one can eat very good food.
Temple	It’s a religious place. It was dedicated to a god or goddess. It’s built higher than the road. To reach it you have to take stairs. The front part is called the facade, it is composed of many columns. Inside there is a statue that represents the divinity. Example of use: In ancient Rome the most important temple was that of the Capitoline Jupiter.
The cathedral master builder	He's the person in charge of building a cathedral. The workmaster organizes the workers for the construction of the building. They were called that, to the builders of Gothic cathedrals. Example of use: The builders of Gothic cathedrals were called work masters.
The Phoenicians	The Phoenicians were an ancient eastern civilization and their main work was maritime trade. The Phoenicians were the first foreigners that came and stayed at Amathus. Example of use: Phoenicia was located where modern Lebanon is.
Toga	It was a cloak to be used over the tunic. It was usually made with wool. Only male Roman citizens could use it. It was of different color and material depending on who it was used for. Example of use: Whoever wore a toga had to represent the power of Rome and for this reason it was large and heavy.
Tomb	Hole in the ground or construction on earth used to bury a person's body when he dies. Example of use: The tomb was undecorated.
Tomb offerings	Tomb offerings are the objects that were put in the graves. They were gifts for the deceased. Usually they were vases, coins, weapons, amulets and items of beauty. The tomb offerings give us important information about age, gender and social status of the deceased. Example of use: The objects found in the tombs of Amathus are called tomb offerings
Tourist office	Place where information is provided to tourists or travellers. Materials provided to travellers or tourists To assist them in making travel arrangements. Are maps, brochures and guidebooks. These bureaus can be found in towns and villages. Example of use: Burgos has two tourist offices.
Touristic map	Flat Earth view A map of the Earth's surface, or only a part of it. It contains useful and important information for tourism concerning towns and villages. Also show or show us how to get to the most important places such as churches, castles and many others. Example of use: Alice followed the map to get to her hotel.
Tower	It was located near the entrance and exit gates of the city. It was made of stone. It was used to see the enemy approaching the city as soon as possible. It was higher than the walls to see as far as possible. Example of use: In foreign lands towers were also used to communicate between soldiers and were built in wood.
Trade	Τhe exchange or sale of goods between people. In the old times, Amathus was an important trading center. Example of use: Trade helps people have different goods.
Tradition	The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
Trajan	He was emperor after Nerva. He was born in Spain. He was a famous soldier and commander. He won many wars. With him the territory of Rome increased. He had many buildings and spas built in Rome. Example of use: The Trajan's Column was built in his honor.
Trajan's column	It was built to celebrate the conquest of Dacia. The battle scenes are depicted around the column. Example of use: Trajan's column was located in the Forum of Traiano.
Transept	Nave crossing the floor of a church forming a Latin cross. Example of use: Marta opened a door to the cathedral that overlooked the transept.
Trasaltar	Site that in churches or cathedrals It is behind the altar. Example of use: In the trasaltar of the cathedral of Burgos there are five stone altarpieces.
Travertine	It is a light-colored rock. On the surface it has many small cavities. It may resemble a sponge but very hard. It is very resistant. Example of use: In ancient Rome travertine was used to build and decorate buildings and monuments.
Treasury	1.All the goods and wealth that a person has. 2.Land for livestock or agriculture. 3.Public entity that administers and organises the assets of the State. Treasury marks tax obligations of citizens and companies. Example of use: The Treasury authorities ask us for money to pay taxes
Tree felling	Cutting a tree as far down its trunk as possible Example of use: Juan works tree felling in the forest.
Triforium	Windows located on the two walls of the central nave of the churches. Placed above the arches that give to the side ships. Example of use: The triforium were built in important churches, Romanesque and Gothic.
Triumphal arch	It is a wall with an opening in the center. You can go under it. The opening is arch-shaped. The arch has a curved shape. It is made of stone or marble, there may be statues and writings in relief. Example of use: Triumphal arches were built to celebrate victory in a war.
Tub	It is also called Labrum. It was made of marble, bronze, stone or terracotta. It usually stood on a straight, short base. It was used to contain water or another liquid. There might have been decorations on the edge of the tub. It was used as a fountain in private gardens or as a container. Example of use: In the Roman baths tub was found in hot areas and contained cold water to cool off.
Tuba	It is a wind musical instrument. It was made of bronze. It was mainly used by the military to give orders and make themselves feel good. Example of use: In ancient Rome the tuba could be even more than a meter long.
Tuff stone	A type of limestone, very spongy and light. Tuff stone is formed by the lime dissolved in the water dissolved in the water of some springs. Example of use: Bricks are made with tuff stone.
Tunic	It was the most common men's dress in ancient Rome. It was used by both citizens and slaves. Citizens put it under the toga especially for important events. It could be colored or white but never black. Example of use: In Roman society the thickness of the tunic and the presence of decorations represented the importance of the man who wore it.
Tunnel	The tunnel is a road that it is located under the earth. At the bottom of the hill of the Acropolis of Amathus, an underground tunnel was discovered. Inside, some 200 objects were found, mostly statues and figurines. They seem to have had a religious use And were related to mystical rituals. Example of use: The entrance to the tunnel was never found.
Urania	Different name for The goddess Aphrodite. This name means Goddess of the sky. Example of use: Aphrodite was also called Urania
Vain	Hole in the wall or on the roof of a building. It serves to pass the air and light to the building. Example of use: To the vain of the wall the sun's rays came in.
Valley	Flat land between hills or mountains. There is often a river or stream in this terrain. Example of use: The river Jere flows through the Jerte valley.
Vase	Container made from clay, glass or metal and it is used to store things inside. The biggest stone vase in the world was found in Amathus. Today the vase is at Louvre Museum in France. Example of use: Inside the vase they put water.
Vaulted	It is a particular type of ceiling. It can have different shapes such as barrel vault and cross vault. All shapes have a recess. Example of use: In Roman buildings it is possible to admire beautiful vaulted ceilings.
Veneridae seashells	These seashells look like female genitalia. This is why they were named After goddess Aphrodite who is the Goddess of birth and love. Sixteen species of this seashell live in the sea of Cyprus. Example of use: On the beach there are many shells in the sand.
Venus	She is the goddess of beauty and physical love. She is the mother of Aeneas. It was celebrated on April 1st. His party was called Veneralia. The best known temple of ancient Rome was built for her. Example of use: Venus was the mother of Aeneas. He was a family member of Romulus. Romulus was the founder of Rome.
Vespasian	He was a Roman emperor. He was a very good soldier. Vespasian made Rome more beautiful. Vespasian also made the territories conquered by Rome more beautiful. Example of use: Vespasian was called new man because he did not come from a noble family.
Via dei Fori Imperiali	It is one of the most beautiful streets in Rome. It connects the Colosseum and Piazza Venezia. Walking on the street the Imperial Forums can be seen. Example of use: At the beginning via dei Fori Imperiali was called via dell'Impero.
Vigorous	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Ammaniti is nicknamed the Vigorous
Village	Population smaller than a town. Villages consist of Streets, houses and buildings. Few people live there. Example of use: My parents were born in a village.
Vine branch	Sarmiento or vine branch, where the grapes come from. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral has a door which is called Vine branch's door.
Volcano	An opening in a mountain. From which smoke, ash and a thick red burning liquid called lava comes out. Example of use: I live in Palma and I had to leave my house because of the lava from the volcano.
Volunteers	Work for an organization without being paid. Example of use: The participants who work for the wards are volunteers.
Wall	Generally thick wall that serves to close one space or separate it from another. Example of use: There's a wall on Diego's estate so that the cows can't escape.
Walls	Wall or high and large wall. The walls were placed around a city. The walls served to defend or protect a place. Amathus had walls around the city. Example of use: The city walls of Amathus they were repaired many times.
Ward	The center of Foligno is divided into 10 wards. The name of these wards is named rioni. There are 10 knights, each of them represents 1 ward. Example of use: The city center of Foligno it is divided into 10 districts for the party.
Water tank	It was like a big container. It was built with bricks. It collected the water of the rain. It was located in the inhabited areas. The population collected water through wells. Example of use: The water collected on the tank was used both for private homes and used to water the fields
Waterfall	A waterfall or cascade from a river or stream. A waterfall may be of varying height and is produced by a large quantity of water in a river or stream. Example of use: A walk through the bush I came to a waterfall with a large amount of water.
Waxed tablets	They were used to write. They had rectangle-shaped sheets made of wood. Above the sheets there was a plate of wax. It was written by scratching the wax with a pointed object. The wax could then be scraped off to erase. Example of use: Waxed tablets could also be built by tying several sheets with metal circles.
Well	An excavation or hole made in the ground to look for water under the ground. Water from the well can be pumped out with a pump, or using buckets, which are raised with a machine or by hand. Example of use: Maria draws water from the well with a bucket.
World Heritage Site	Name given by UNESCO to special places on the planet. UNESCO is the organization Of the United Nations for education, science and culture. Example of use: Burgos Cathedral has the title World Heritage Site.
Worships	Decorative element which is shaped like a large scallop shell. Example of use: In the church there was a worship with blessed water.
Wrought iron	Iron that can be shaped when it's too hot by hitting on it. Example of use: John works in his wrought iron workshop.
Youthful	The day of the Quintana Every knight has a nickname. Example of use: The knight of Rione Morlupo is nicknamed the Youthful
Zither	It is a musical instrument with strings. There are five strings. It could have been half the size of a person. The god Apollo is often illustrated with a zither in his hand. Example of use: The zither was much used in ancient Rome.